The Role of Power and Politics in Organizations Assignment

The Role of Power and Politics in Organizations - Assignment Example The organization that I am going to concentrate on is called Procter&Gamble. This organization was set up more than 180 years prior. The organization works in excess of 190 nations and it is wanting to grow its exhibition. Being such a mammoth in the realm of washing powders and restorative utilities, the organization should meet certain high prerequisites both in people in general and internal arrangement of the organization. The motivation behind the organization sounds as â€Å"to give marked items and administrations of prevalent quality and worth that improve the lives of the world’s purchasers, presently and for a long time into the future. Subsequently, buyers will remunerate us with initiative deals, benefit and worth creation, permitting our kin, our investors and the networks wherein we live and work to prosper† (http://www.pg.com). Having a reason implies about the arranged procedure and strategy of the organization. Additionally, the organization has the plainly expressed vision and technique. The input from the clients is enormously refreshing since it adds to the improvement of the organization. P&G claims it is taking a stab at the existence quality improvement however not for its pay. The organization has worked out the program of presenting ecologically neighborly items. The strategy of the organization depends on the standard â€Å"to make the prosperous organization from inside it†. It suggests the significant staff and the board strategy. The general objective of the organization is to improve the life of each client and to make him/her faithful to the organization. The significant components of any hierarchical culture, for example, reason, qualities and objectives, begin with the organization arrangement and they are kept up and are to be moved to the following ages. The development procedure that the organization of P&G sticks to implies pulling in new clients consistently and making their life progressive ly important. â€Å"Our Values mirror the practices that shape the tone of how we work with one another and with our partners†( P&G Must Proceed With Caution). Procter&Gamble has numerous rules that it requests from its staff and the executives. Above all else it takes care about regard to every person - regardless of climate it is a client, a chief or a possible purchaser. The association is inseparable from the individuals working for the association and those individuals who keep it on drift. The customers’ needs and requests are the top need for the association. The entire working of the organization is deliberately arranged and worked out. Surely, there are a few cases, when an organization needs to act suddenly in specific conditions, yet as a rule in has the arrangement of its turn of events, activity and showcasing. The following rule that is critical for any organization is the one about advancements. Getting advancements is the principle motor of the company’s improvement. Advancements are acknowledged both in the circle of the item quality and in the circle of promoting advertisement marketing. The following point manages rivalry †the organization needs to be the best in its field. The best way to win the opposition is to pick up the customers’ reliability and work on consistent improvement of the company’s execution. In addition, the organization is engaged not inside however remotely. It implies that the criticism with the clients is the prevailing component for it. It can't be said that the administrative framework, and corporate culture is disregarded - it is only not as significant as knowing

Response to the Time Machine-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Choose ONE of the accompanying concentrates from HG Wells, The Time Machine, and give a nearby perusing of the concentrate where you portray the significant abstract highlights (character, allegorical language, disposition, portrayal, setting, etc) it employments. 2.Compare a few components of your picked remove with ONE other critical entry in The Time Machine. In light of this examination, clarify how the novel presents a specific mentality towards one of the chief subjects laid out in the talk on The Time Machine. Answers: 1.The given concentrate has been taken from The Time Machine, a sci-fi novel by the prominent author H. G. Wells. The author had written down the well known novel as an edge story. The term time-machine had been begat by the famous essayist and is a notable word in the advanced world. The hero of the story is an English noble innovator and researcher who has been recognized by the storyteller as the Time Traveler. The story rotates round the talks gave when Traveler towards this visitors for supper. In the concentrate in conversation, the Time Traveler supposedly returns to his seat on the slope and look downward on the occupants of the land that he has been visiting. The peruser is given the setting of a delightful morning wherein the hero has been sitting and looking downward on the occupants of things to come world. He can see that equivalent scene that he had seen upon the arrival of his appearance to the spot (Wells 54). He feels that the occupants of the spot can be contrasted with the steers that nibbles on the fields. He opines that they will meet a comparative end like that of the dairy cattle. H. G. Wells endeavors a political analysis of the late Victorian England. The vision gave in this segment alludes to a dream of the pained future. The prominent author had mocked the debauchery of the Victorian period through the Eloi, the occupants of the land whom he had been quietly viewing from a far distance. Wells, through his novel, advances an admonition towards the then society to repair its ways with the goal that it doesn't confront an end like that of the Eloi. The prominent writer advances an analysis from the Marxist perspective towards the free enterprise that exists inside the general public through his depiction of the Morlocks. The epic arrangements significantly with the sci-fi that encompasses the issue of time travel. H. G. Wells is known to have advanced a more grounded feeling of logical hypothesis to the artistic sort of sci-fi. The hero of the novel is regularly seen to opine to a great extent on the weird patterns of development and cosmology that he has been seeing in his movements through the fourth measurement, generally known as time. The major hidden subject of the novel is the inferred investigate of the Industrial Revolution society that the endeavors to attempt. The hero draws an equal between the Laborer and the Capitalist gatherings of the then English society and the monstrous Under-world species and the delightful Over-world types of things to come mankind. The given concentrate alludes to the way that the Over-world species are commonly overwhelmed by the Under-world animals. The concentrate speaks to an intelligent state of mind of the hero as he ignores the upbeat situation that had b een happening inside the vision of the hero. The storyline, as referenced in the talked about concentrate, is set later on where to the hero has been going with the assistance of a machine that he is utilizing with the end goal of movement to what's to come. In this way, it may be inferred that the separated article shows a significant cluster of the abstract highlights that have been put to use in an extremely adept way by the author 2.The author utilizes a negligible number of characters, as is delineated in another entry from the novel, to introduce a scene in the place of the hero wherein a supper has been sorted out by the hero himself so as to share and ponder his encounters that he had accumulated while he has been going through the component of time with the assistance of the machine that he has manufactured. The storyteller presents to his perusers a circumstance wherein the Time Traveler has left a note on the supper table saying that he may be late to the supper that he had composed. The storyteller depicts the passage of the hero in the situation in a distinctive way. The utilization of the language is extremely liquid and consequently helps in the work of art of an away from of the circumstance that the storyteller portrays. The skepticism in regards to the validity and the correct working of the time machine that has been worked by the hero is very clear among the invitees during supper. The hero had been away from the feasting zone while the visitors had been occupied with discussion among themselves. The curiosity showed by the visitors is joined by a slight proportion of their ridiculously up with various circumstances that may have been the reason behind the state of being of the hero when he went into the lounge area where his visitors were energetically hanging tight for his arrival from his time traveling (Wells 11). There has been seen some critical zones of examination and differentiation that may be illuminated in the two distinct concentrates from the novel. The concentrate of the novel that has been examined in the above area is seen as in the tenth section of the novel while the concentrate being investigated with it is to be found inside the second part of the novel. The concentrate from the tenth section of the novel delineates an intelligent tone wherein the Time Traveler, or the hero, apparently is plunking down on a corroded yellow seat in an open region of things to come world and thinking about the issues that should be gone to by the inhabitants of the then world in order to maintain a strategic distance from the circumstances that may emerge later on. The tone of the concentrate from the second section of the novel is light and amicable. In the concentrate from the subsequent section, the painted picture uncovers a social affair of individuals who share a cordial relationship among them. The visitors of the supper composed when Traveler and are believed to be curious of the encounters assembled by the hero. Along these lines, it may be presumed that the novel presents the study of the then society post the mechanical upheaval. The essayist endeavors to give the perusers a portion of the circumstances that may emerge later on for the world if the conditions set forth in novel are not given appropriate consideration Reference Wells, Herbert George.The time machine. Oxford University Press, (2017): 3-63.

How the Negative Photo Illusion Works

How the Negative Photo Illusion Works Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How the Negative Photo Illusion Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 geloo, modified by Kendra Cherry More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Did you think that you needed a darkroom to process a negative photo into a full-color image? In this fun optical illusion, you can see how your visual system and  brain  are actually able to briefly create a color image from a negative photo. How to Perform the Illusion Stare at the dots located at the center of the womans face for about 30 seconds to a minute.Then turn your eyes immediately to the center x of the white image on the right of the womans face.Blink quickly several times. What do you see? If youve followed the directions correctly, you should see an image of a woman in full-color. If you are having trouble seeing the effect, try staring at the negative image a bit longer or adjusting how far you are sitting from your computer monitor. Explanations How does this fascinating visual illusion work? What you are experiencing is known as a negative  afterimage. This happens when the photoreceptors, primarily the cone cells, in your eyes become overstimulated and fatigued causing them to lose sensitivity. In normal everyday life, you dont notice this because tiny movements of your eyes keep the cone cells located at the back of your eyes from becoming overstimulated. Why Do People Experience Afterimages as an Optical Illusion? If, however, you look at a large image, the tiny movements in your eyes arent enough to reduce overstimulation. As a result, you experience what is known as a negative afterimage. As you shift your eyes to the white side of the image, the overstimulated cells continue to send out only a weak signal, so the affected colors remain muted. However, the surrounding photoreceptors are still fresh and so they send out strong signals that are the same as if we were looking at the opposite colors. The brain then interprets these signals as the opposite colors, essentially creating a full-color image from a negative photo. According to the  opponent process theory of color vision, our perception of color is controlled by two opposing systems: a magenta-green system and a blue-yellow system. For example, the color red serves as an antagonist to the color green so that when you stare too long at a magenta image you will then see a green afterimage. The magenta color fatigues the magenta photoreceptors so that they produce a weaker signal. Since magentas opposing color is green, we then interpret the afterimage as green.

Jospeh Andrews as Comic Epic in Prose - 3335 Words

Joseph Andrews From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the novel. For the former Liberal Member of Parliament, see Joseph Andrews (politician). Joseph Andrews Author(s) Henry Fielding Original title The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and His Friend, Mr. Abraham Adams Country Britain Language English Publication date 1742 Media type print Preceded by Shamela, or An Apology for the Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews(1741) Followed by The Life and Death of Johnathan Wild, the Great (1743) Joseph Andrews, or The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams, was the first published full-length novel of the English author and magistrate Henry Fielding, and indeed among the†¦show more content†¦[edit]Plot summary [edit]Book I The novel begins with the affable, intrusive narrator outlining the nature of our hero. Joseph Andrews is the brother of Richardson’s Pamela and is of the same rustic parentage and patchy ancestry. At the age of ten years he found himself tending to animals as an apprentice to Sir Thomas Booby. It was in proving his worth as a horseman that he first caught the eye of Sir Thomas’s wife, Lady Booby, who employed him (now seventeen) as her footman. After the death of Sir Thomas, Joseph finds that his Lady’s affections have redoubled as she offers herself to him in her chamber while on a trip to London. In a scene analogous to many of Pamela’s refusals of Mr B in Richardson’s novel, however, Lady Booby finds that Joseph’sChristian commitment to chastity before marriage is unwavering. After suffering the Lady’s fury, Joseph dispatches a letter to his sister very much typical of Pamela’s anguished missives in her own novel. The Lady calls him once again to her chamber and makes one last withering attempt at seduction before dismissing him from both his job and his lodgings. With Joseph setting out from London by moonlight, the narrator introduces the reader to the heroine of the novel, Fanny Goodwill. A poor illiterate girl of ‘extraordinary beauty’ (I, xi) now living with a farmer

Is There Anybody Out There. Maia Szalavitz, Author Of

Is There Anybody Out There? Maia Szalavitz, author of Unbroken Brain, points out in an article about our finger-pointing mentality on drug abuse, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today, and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs, and according to the National Institutes of Health, these addictions contribute to more than 100,000 deaths per year.† Drug abuse is a major problem in the United States and throughout the world as more and more people become addicted every day. When you hear the words drug addict you think of desensitizing terms, like â€Å"junkie† or â€Å"crack head†, and when you see someone pan handling for money on the street, passed out, or swaying in a doorway you likely†¦show more content†¦They are often people who were issued pain medication by a doctor which resulted in a dependence on the drug. According to results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 2.4 mil lion Americans used prescription drugs non-medically for the first time within the past year, which averages to approximately 6,600 initiates per day. This population would seek help if not for the fear and shame they feel about being labeled as a drug addict. These stigmas perpetuated by people believing that addiction is a character flaw or a sign of weakness can create such fear in a person that they won’t ever get the help they need. They worry about losing their jobs or family, so they opt to go without treatment despite the consequences to their health, which could eventually lead to death. In the â€Å"Addiction† article published by the Gale group it states that â€Å"According to the CDC, in 2013 more than sixteen thousand people died from prescription opioids, an increase of 50 percent in three years.† Addiction does not discriminate; it makes no distinction between a person’s age, sex, color, or financial circumstance. However, the stigma s urrounding addiction and drug use leaves many Americans unwilling to help fund better treatment. Health insurance is also a major component in whether a person can pursue treatment for addiction. Even when health insurance does cover treatment, there might not be an available treatment center or

Comparison Between Pericles’ Funeral Oration and Lincoln’s Gettysburg Adress Free Essays

Address are two of the greatest and most memorable speeches ever given. Despite the fact that the two speeches were given some two thousand years apart, there are remarkable similarities between the two, including content, length, and the situations in which the speeches were given. The majority of speeches that were given in President Lincoln’s time tended to be extremely long. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between Pericles’ Funeral Oration and Lincoln’s Gettysburg Adress or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was not uncommon for a person to speak about the dead for three straight hours. Knowing this, it is not surprising that those who heard the speech were both shocked and somewhat outraged. Was it disrespectful that Lincoln chose to speak about those who fought for their country and for freedom and died for approximately five minutes instead of the usual three hours? Many thought so at the time. However, today it is perhaps the best-known speech in United States history.The Bostonian (newspaper) recognized the impact that it would have on the American people immediately, â€Å"The world noted at once what he said, and will never cease to remember it. The battle itself was less important than the speech. † Lincoln’s speech is still remembered, one hundred and fifty years later, although it has not stood the test of time as Pericles’ Funeral Oration has. Pericles’ Funeral Oration, although much longer than five minutes, is extremely short compared to speeches given in 400 BC.We do not know if the Athenian people received this speech well or not, but regardless it has gone down as one of the greatest and most powerful speeches of all time. The purpose of Pericles’ speech was to honor the people who died for Athens and their surviving families. It also was to speak of Athens and all that they have accomplished as a nation and how excellent and rewarding democracy is. The purpose of Lincoln’s speech was to speak about the dead; to dedicate a monument for those who have died and that there is unfinished work (in the United States).There is some evidence to support that Lincoln looked at Pericles’ Funeral Oration prior to writing his speech. The indication that he read Pericles’ speech is not the fact that the speeches are written about similar topics. Another indication is that there are records of congress charging an account of Pericles’ a reference to the Funeral Oration to Abraham Lincoln. The most compelling evidence is that there are parallels in the ideas that the two speeches exhibit.This could be because Lincoln was familiar with Pericles’ funeral oration, or it could be that they were in similar conditions of war when the two speeches were delivered and the similarities are coincidence. Both Lincoln and Pericles express that their ancestors are the ones who are responsible for their nation’s success Lincoln and Pericles’ had similar ideals, like all men are created equal. â€Å"We throw our city open to all, and never exclude anyone† (Pericles’ Funeral Oration). When Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg address during the American Civil War, Lincoln’s goal w as to give everyone equal rights How to cite Comparison Between Pericles’ Funeral Oration and Lincoln’s Gettysburg Adress, Papers

Presentation of female characters in a streetcar named desire and the worlds wife free essay sample

The presentation of female characters plays a very significant role in both A Streetcar Named Desire and The World’s Wife and though these texts express similar ideas about women, there is also substantial differences. Tennessee Williams’ ASCND, tragic first produced in 1947, sets his female characters within the patriarchal society of post Second World War New Orleans society. Williams’s uses his female protagonist Blanche Dubois to explore the female repression that was present in the late 1940’s before radical feminism made an impact in the 1960’s. In contrast, Carol Anne Duffy’s TWW published in 1999 is a sequence of dramatic monologues that reconstruct well-known fictional and real life female characters and their experiences from sources as diverse as biblical texts, fairy tales and even legends. Duffy is a feminist writer who gives her personas modern voices that express their perspectives, identities and relationships. She subverts the idea of male authority, which was long enclosed in traditional patriarchal western societies by employing a range of key ideas she promoted through decades of radical feminism. We will write a custom essay sample on Presentation of female characters in a streetcar named desire and the worlds wife or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The presentation of female characters and heterosexual relationships in both texts are likely to be affected by the writer’s own homosexuality and there is also evidence of biographical elements in their narratives. While it is possible to explore these texts from different literary theoretical perspectives such as Marxists or psychoanalytical criticism, a feminist critique is likely to be most productive to explore the depiction of female characters within both texts. Female critiques would recognize the direct depiction of female characters in both Duffy’s poems and Williams’ play and how reliant and subordinate females were towards men in the time of renewed conservatism. However, they would also pick up the varying extent in the portrayal of both. In ASCND, females such as Eunice, Stella and the protagonist Blanche Dubois are presented as vulnerable and most importantly dependent on a male figure. Dependency was a very controversial topic in the 1940’s and this is presented in ASCND through the character of Stella. â€Å"When he’s away for a week, I nearly go crazy†. This quote defines many women of the 1940’s and  the effect a male authority had in their life. However, not only does Stella run back to Stanley for emotional support but for financial support as well when she says, â€Å"this morning he gave me ten dollars to smooth things over†. It seems to me that women in the 1940’s were almost easy to be bought and manipulated by men just like how a prostitute is given money after sex. It volumes the inequality in 1940’s marriages, as the idea of financial control was given to the man of the house. Similarly, another scene where Stella depicts extreme dependency on Stanley is when she forces herself not to believe that Stanley had raped her sister when she says, â€Å"I couldn’t believe her story and go on living with Stanley† and Eunice replies, â€Å"don’t ever believe it. Life has to go on. No matter what happens, youâ€℠¢ve got to keep on going†. Women were seen as incomplete if they were not married in the male supremacy that was present and internalised in society. After the women’s movement, women were allowed more positive outcomes and were awarded a voice unlike women during patriarchy. ‘Anne Hathaway’ is a poem supposedly about Anne Hathaway expressing her emotions when William Shakespeare deserted her. She uses power in her language to convey her strong emotional attachment towards him the same way Stella nearly goes crazy when Stanley is away from her. In this poem, Anne seems to ‘luxuriate in the images of language, the female body and lovemaking’. She is the assonance and he is the verb. This poem expresses her intense pleasure with Shakespeare when she describes her ‘body now a softer rhyme to his, now echo, assonance; his touch a verb dancing in the centre of a noun’. Here she is still thinking about their glorious love making by expressing intense passion. The persona conveys that loving him will remain central in her world as she makes her head the casket of her emotions as she Refuses to construct herself as a victim and devotes the rest of her life to him because she knows that she won’t be able to live without him just like women and their way of life in the 1940’s patriarchal societies. However, Duffy contrasts the issue of sexual reliance when the persona in ‘Little Red Cap’ discovers that she doesn’t need a man in her life and that she can be independent. Unlike most female characters in ASCND, she finds her own poetic voice and disposes of him in her life in a forceful and dynamic way by taking an ‘axe to the wolf’ as she stitched him up and ended ‘dinging, all alone’. In the 1940’s, many women were subjected to violence as a result of dependency. Violence and dominance brought out desperation in women in a society where there was a failure of feminism. The callousness of men was seen as an acceptable part of marriage within patriarchy and in ASCND, violence in Stella’s relationship radiated from the start. Scene one starts with clear elements of violence when Stanley ‘heaves the package at her’ to cook. Right from the beginning, the dominance of males is portrayed and when Stella ‘laughs breathlessly’, it shows that women didn’t really have the power of rejecting orders or standing up for themselves. Philip C. Kolin said, ‘She runs away, he chases her; she comes back with him, they make up and make love’. This expresses Stella and Stanley’s cycle of life after the time of abuse where ‘Stanley charges after Stella’. Even though Stella warns Stanley, ‘You hit me, i m gonna call the police’, she acknowledges that ‘abuse’ as a part of her life when she says, â€Å"I have told you that I love him†. This portrays mental toughness in her as well as vulnerability and reflects back on the lack of female rights all women of the mid 20th century’s had and their pragmatic approach to abuse. Mister Connors English classes-feminist criticism/Essay called: ‘small female skull’: patriarchy and philosophy in the poetry of Carol Anne Duff/y/Philip C Kolin- Eunice Hubbell and the feminist Thematics Of A Streetcar Named Desire In TWW, Duffy displays violence in her poem ‘Mrs Beast’ where her female persona takes control and makes the male the victim. This contrasts to the violence in ASCND because men are usually the ones that inflict it rather than the female whereas in TWW, it’s the woman who expresses her lack of compassion violently. Mrs Beast uses violent imagery to express her dominance over the man as she adopts male behaviour quickly. â€Å"Do this, harder† and â€Å"Do that. Faster† connects to Blanche telling her sister what to do. Mrs Beast expresses that women had to be ‘kept out of sight’ which links to ASCND when men dominated space. However I feel like in Mrs Beast, ambiguity is created because throughout the poem, the persona does display women provocatively and prostitute like. This is a reflection to Blanche or maybe even her own sexuality. In ASCND, Williams’ protagonist, Blanche, tries to construct a faà §ade when she arrives in New Orleans to deceive people in thinking she’s a completely different person in order to protect her past and keep it private because she knows that it will affect the way people view her and judge her if they found out. In the patriarchal society of the 1940’s, one’s sexual image was a very polemic point. Blanche may have constructed herself as a soft person and created an identity which requires one to be â€Å"soft and attractive†, but underneath the whole faà §ade, her main aim was to have her ‘existence admitted by someone’ and have a â€Å"One night’s shelter†. She puts herself on display mainly to alleviate her loneliness. Blanche’s hinted admission and past situation seemed like a threat especially when Stanley informed Mitch about her past. Blanche feels like the dark is the only way in which she can feel comfortable in her own skin when she tells Mitch, â€Å"I like it dark. The dark is comforting to me†. Her avoiding the light proves her insecurities and that it’s not just her looks that she is trying to hide but emotional scars also from finding out she was ‘married to a homosexual’ at a young age then having experienced his death therefore ‘Being discharged by Mr graves for illicit sexual advances to pursue her pupils’. Blanches trying to construct her southern belle image was clearly not the ‘sober truth’ but an illusion especially for Mitch as ‘It is Mitch that prospects soar’. Blanche refers to Mitch as ‘the man she wants to pursue her’. Philip C Kolin- Eunice hubell and the feminist thematics of a streetcar named desire Leonard Berkman-The tragic downfall of blanche dubois Carol Anne Duffy has presented her characters with personal independence and a voice unlike Williams. However, creating a different identity to fit in was very common in her poems. In ‘’Mrs Quasimodo’, Mrs Quasimodo feels a lot of self disgust as she feels like she needs to change herself in order to be loved. This poem reinforces the fact that Blanche also thought that she needed to create a fake identity to cover the truth, as it would ruin her future. Just like Blanche, Mrs Quasimodo feels like one needs to be â€Å"perfect, vulnerable and young† and â€Å"to be slim, be slight† have your â€Å" slender neck quoted between two thumbs†, be â€Å"beautiful with creamy skin, and tumbling auburn hair† in order to attract likewise to Blanche who doesn’t like being seen in the light. However, the contrast between Duffy’s poem and Williams’ play is that in Duffy’s poems, women always fight back and retain their poetic voice. Mrs Quasimodo destroys what she loves, not just as an act of empowerment but as an act of destruction. In ‘Mrs Quasimodo’, the female character ended up depicting female independence when she ‘pissed’ on what she loved in the sense that it’s over forever, whereas in ASCND, Williams’ characters had no choice but to obey male figures in a male dominated time period. Sisterhood played a major role in patriarchal societies because women needed that sincere support besides just the financial support from their partners. In ASCND, Eunice is a friend to the Dubois sisters from the beginning. She almost plays the role of a caring mother as her ‘maternal attributes offer a significant source of trust’. This is proven when Eunice tells Blanche â€Å"She got the downstairs here and I got the up†. The fact that they share a house proves their sincere bond and offers reassurance. Eunice’s guardian attributes are proved when Stella ‘runs upstairs to Eunice as a daughter would run home to her mother for protection and counsel’ When Stella decided to send Blanche to an asylum, Eunice and plays a major role ‘in turning Blanche over to the doctor’ and ‘passing on her responsibility, the role of the kind, nurturing stranger, to an individual who has the manners and grace Blanche needs and honors.’ Eunice does offer a strong feminine alternative to Stanley’s ‘male physicality’ and this is very much needed in Stella life as a form of protection. Stella sending her sister to an asylum could also be a link made to Williams’ own sister, Rose, that went to an institution which reflects back to his own personal life. There are many links made to TWW because in Duffy’s poems, most female characters end up standing up for themselves and finding their own poetic voice and in ‘Demeter’; the persona expresses a new beginning for her and her daughter. Deep sympathy is expressed her just like Eunice’s support towards Stella. Demeter is the mother of Persephone and here, a form of  security and love for her daughter is portrayed. ‘Demeter expresses that the air softened and warmed as she moved’ which proves love in the same way compromised sisterhood reinforces protection and support in ASCND. A lot of feminine imagery depicts a more feminine and caring side to women of the 1960’s after the period of radical feminism. ‘Demeter’ shows a mothers love for her daughter just like Stella’s love for her older sister and ending the poem with ‘the small shy mouth of a new moon’, it reflects back to Blanche’s new beginning. Another example of female support is ‘’Queen Herod’. Queen Herod is a fierce tribute about the persona liberating her daughter from the next generation of male dominance. She is trying to break free from roles that were adopted within patriarchy and fight male oppression when she says, â€Å"kill each mother’s son. Do it. Spare not one†. This is a subversion of reversal. She does it to protect her daughter just like Stella tries to protect her sister. Philip C. Kolin- Eunice Hubbell and the Feminist Thematic of a Streetcar Named Desire In conclusion, these two pieces of texts express female characters in completely opposite ways. Duffy shows that woman can be independent and empowered as equal human beings. I also feel like Duffy has uses various poems to give assertive voices to women that originally didn’t have one. Moreover, even though some female characters feel victimized in a Duffy poem, the majority of them fight back successful and gain their poetic voice. However, Williams uses his characters to explore societies expectations in the 1940’s and it shows that Stella conforms to the social expectations of women and accepts violence as a ‘part of life’ in order to stay with who she wants to be with, whereas Blanche stays away from conventional female roles and creates herself a faà §ade and looks at life the way she wants it to be. Finally, I think that both these poems have different ways of depicting women mainly due to the time periods that they were written. ASCND was written before radical feminism and TWW was written after.

Social Theories essays

Social Theories essays Sociology has been defined s the scientific study of human interaction and, as such, is accepted as a scientific activity (Leming 1997). Social science aims at discovering and explaining observed events of and in nature by means of a framework that can be tested. The goal of sociology is, therefore, to produce a body of knowledge that will provide a body of knowledge that will provide not only an understanding of the causal processes influencing human behavior but also enable sociologists to predict social behaviors (Leming). As a science, it pursues observable and provable regularities and explains these regularities by means of a set of observable and provable propositions or statements of relationship (Leming). The very effectiveness or success of sociology lies precisely in the explanatory and predictive power of this body of knowledge derived from The basic components or elements of a theory are a conceptual scheme, a set of propositions that states the relationships between variables, and a context for verification (Leming). The conceptual scheme consists of ideas that possess abstract properties not yet immediately verifiable by direct sensory observation. It also has a system of interrelated statements of relationships between variables, which seam the parts of the concept together. The conceptual scheme and the statements of relationships are joined together and organized under a paradigm (Leming). A paradigm is the basic image of a particular subject matter within a science and serves as context for the verification (Leming 1997). It defines what should be studied and asked, how the questions should be posed and the rules to observe in interpreting the answers that will be obtained. It is the broadest unit of consensus within a science, which subsumes, defines and inter-relates the examples and/or variables, theories, methods, and instruments within it (Leming)...

Microsoft is acquiring LinkedIn! What do you think it means for you

Microsoft is acquiring LinkedIn! What do you think it means for you Today Microsoft and LinkedIn announced that Microsoft will be acquiring LinkedIn for $26.2 billion. LinkedIn shares jumped 47% following the news, while Microsoft shares slipped slightly by 3.2%. This deal comes on the heels of a weak performance by LinkedIn in the first part of the year, from which the social media platform was already starting to recover. I am no business acquisition expert, but I do see that Microsoft might benefit from a wide social networking platform. LinkedIn’s millions of members will give Microsoft a huge audience into which they can tap for their cloud business. For LinkedIn, the acquisition seems to be a boon. LinkedIn’s CEO and other employees will stay in place and the company will retain their autonomy, at least for now. I’d like to open up a discussion here. What do you think about this deal? What are the pros and cons for Microsoft? For LinkedIn? What do you think this new structure will mean for you as a LinkedIn user? What are your fears about having Microsoft as LinkedIn’s new owner? What might the future look like with Microsoft behind the curtain? Please share your thoughts and ideas in the comment area below!

Patton Lessons in Leadership by Alan Axelrod Essay

Patton Lessons in Leadership by Alan Axelrod - Essay Example The main focus of the said work is the collection of the knowledge and the lessons brought about by George S. Patton, one of the most successful military general in the US. The most significant of the said concepts is the application suggestions to the corporate America even in the absence of war (Axelrod, 2001). The ideas of George S. Patton can be considered innovative but unconventional for his time. Although this is the case, upon the study of the published work, a significant affirmation regarding the feasibility of the ideas can be considered as the driving force for the popularity of the presented concepts and ideas. The views of Patton covered an extensive variety of experiences he related to leadership in any form, specifically the needs of the present era (Axelrod, 2001). One of the most evident attributes of Patton is his confidence to execute his decisions and views, a character that can be considered to have an important role in his capability to achieve goals, act upon what he planned and motivate his people. When one observes a leader such as Patton, at some point, following his goals and views can be inevitable. This can be attributed to his achievements during his leadership. The different concepts in leadership based on Patton can be related to the leadership image, communication in the organization, setting up of priorities, teamwork, performance, loyalty and achievement. The ideas presented in the published work mainly revolve in the corresponding applications of the concepts and methods Patton applied in military leadership during the war and the needs of the corporate world in terms of leadership. One of the ideas is projected in the development and upholding of the image of the leader. According to Patton, to be able to achieve success as a leader, the image for the people to follow is one of the most important factors.

Role of Elders in the Asian Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of Elders in the Asian Culture - Essay Example Families, communities, societies, and nations have been promoted by the elderly people during their lives. More importantly, children are educated, cared, and nurtured by the parents and elders in the Asian culture. Therefore, parents deserve comfort, love, and respect throughout their lives from their youngsters and children. In other words, caring and respecting elders and parents is the moral and ethical obligation of children in the Asian region. In this regard, it is the responsibility of elders to take care of their youngsters, love them, and keep guiding them throughout their lives. On the other hand, American or British culture allows the individuals to start making their own decisions in their adolescent age, which is very contrary with the norms and values of the Asian culture. For instance, teachers are often allowed to be strict with the young students in Asian schools, or elders often treat youngsters in a harsh way, which is very different, as compared with the American culture. (Blackkaby, 1998) In brief, role that is played by old people is affected significantly by the cultural differences, as role and respect changes to a higher extent in different cultures. (Huntington, 2000) In East-Asian culture, a notable tradition is specifically practiced in this region, which is referred as filial piety. China, Japan, and Korea are some of the cultures that have the dominated practice of such practice. Care for the elderly is the most imperative and foremost obligation of this tradition. (Lee, 2004) Moreover, elderly people in these cultures play a guiding role to nurture their youngsters in an emotional, as well as, spiritual manner. In the Asian context, parents and elders must provide shelter, care, and assistance to the youngsters in emotional, as well as, financial manner, which is once again, contrary to the Western culture, which obligates

Evaluating the Growth and Competitive Strategy of Coca Cola

Evaluating the Growth and Competitive Strategy of Coca Cola INTRODUCTION: The Coca-Cola Company is the worlds largest beverage company, largest manufacturer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world and in one of the largest corporations in the United States. The Company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton at Atlanta USA, in 1886. They used to make Coca-Cola syrup by melted sugar, water, and some other ingredients (especially coca leaf and the kola nut). Frank M. Robinson, Pembertons bookkeepers, was the person who suggested the name Coca-Cola. The company has 92,400 employees in 200+ countries. It refreshes the consumers nearly 1.6 billion per day. The companys portfolio includes 13 billion dollar brands. The Coca-Cola Company is a nonalcoholic beverage brands which is the worlds largest manufacturer, distributor. It is worlds most valuable brands where the company got license for more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands mostly sparkling beverages and a mixture of still beverages such as water, juices, teas and coffees, energy and sports drinks. Basically, the company produces beverage concentrates and syrups which are sold to authorized bottling and canning operations (which are called Bottlers) where they manufacture the concentrates and syrups to produce finished beverage products (The Coca-cola, 2009). It has worlds largest distribution networks through bottling partners, distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. FINANCIAL POSITION: Revenue US$ 31.0 Billion (FY 2009) Operating income US$ 8.23 Billion (FY 2009) Net Income US$ 5.82 Billion (FY 2009) Total Assets US$ 48.7 Billion (FY2009) Total Equity US$ 24.8 Billion (FY2009) One year Growth: 3.0% Income Growth: 17.5% Employee Growth 0.4% Coca-Cola, a $62 Bn Brand (The Coca-Cola, Annual Report, 2009) COMPETITIORS: PepsiCo Nestle S.A. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Cadbury Schweppes plc Group Danone Kraft Foods Inc. THE COCA-COLA COMPANYS GROWTH: 1886-1892: The Coca-Cola Company was acquired the complete ownership of its business by Asa Candler for $2300 in 1891. In 1898 the company entered the market of Canada and Mexico. 1893-1904: An invention into a business, introduced promotion, advertisement, building plants in Chicago, Dallas and Los Angeles, establishing first bottling franchises. 1905-1918: Cuba and Panama became the first two countries outside the U.S. to bottle the Coca-Cola. The company started delivering a unique bottle to ensure people are getting real Coca-Cola with free of cocaine, and introduced new shape of coke bottle. 1919-1940: The Company was sold for $25 million to Atlanta banker Ernest Woodruff and a group of investors in 1919. The Company established a manufacturing operation in France in 1923. The company became the public limited at $40 per share. It delivered 53 countries worldwide. 1940-1959: Expanding in 120 countries, promoting the word COKE, setting up new Coca-Cola plants in North America and Europe. 1960-1981: Expanding with new flavors, Fanta, Sprite, TAB, Fresca, acquiring the Minute Maid Company, promoting exciting and dynamic advertisement. In 1960, metal cans were introduced first time which are now available in the market. 1982-1989: 165 countries enjoyed Coca-Cola, introducing Diet coke, Cherry Coke. 1990-1999: 200 Countries enjoyed Coca-Cola, associated with Sports including the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup. 2000-Now: More than 200 countries enjoy Coke, delivering global marketing platform. Ingredients and Packaging The Coca-Colas Manufacturing and Distribution Process: Ingredients and Bulk Packaging Concentrate Plants Transport Production and Sales Facilities Third-Party Transport by Rail/Road SalesMarketing Equipment Consumers Customers e.g.Tesco, Asda (Coca-cola Enterprise, 2009, Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability Report) THE COCA-COLA BUSINESS SYSTEM: The Coca-Cola Company and/or subsidiaries only produce syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a Coca-Cola franchise. The Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Enterprise (CCE) is the largest bottler of Coca-Cola beverage who manufactures and distributes the most popular beverage brands in the world. The CCE is one of more than 300 bottling companies CCE delivered approximately 41 billion bottles and cans in 2009. It represents approximately 16 % of total Coca-Cola product volumes. It creates revenues of $21.6 billion, with free cash flow of $872 million (Coca-Cola Enterprise, 2009). In North America, it operates 46 U.S States and all 10provinces of Canada, composed of five business units. It has 59 production facilities and 314 principal distribution facilities. It also has 59000 employees in US Canada. In Europe, it has 16 beverage production facilities and 35 principal distributors facilities with approximately 11000 employees. (www.answer.com) THE COCA-COLAS USE OF STRATEGIC CHOICES: Strategic choices are concerned with decisions about an organizations future and the way in which it has to respond to the myriad of pressures and influences as a result of its immediate and macro environment. To this end there are three basic choices to be made as shown below. Strategic choices Strategic choices Methods for pursuing strategies The choices about how strategies are to be pursued Strategy directions The choices of products and markets available to an organization Bases of competitive Strategy The choices as how to an organization positions itself in relation to competitors Bases of competitive Strategy directions Methods for pursuing Strategy strategies Whittington (2008, p. 217) Bases of competitive strategy: This area has to do with how Coca-Cola has positioned itself in relation to its competitors. The Coca-Cola Company competes in the non-alcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry. The non-alcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry is highly competitive, consisting of numerous firms. These include firms that, like Coca-Cola, compete in multiple geographic areas, as well as firms that are primarily regional or local in operation. Competitive products include numerous non-alcoholic sparkling beverages; various water products, including packaged, flavored and enhanced waters; juices and nectars; fruit drinks and dilatable (including syrups and powdered drinks); coffees and teas; energy and sports and other performance-enhancing drinks; dairy-based drinks; functional beverages; and various other non-alcoholic beverages. These competitive beverages are sold to consumers in both ready-to-drink and other than ready-to-drink form. In many of the coun tries in which Coca-Cola does business, including the United States, PepsiCo. Inc. is one of its primary competitors. Other significant competitors include, Nestlà ©, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Group DANONE, Kraft Foods Inc, and Unilever etc. In certain markets, its competition includes beer companies. Coca-Cola also competes against numerous regional and local firms and, in some markets, against retailers that have developed their own store or private label beverage brands. The strategy clock: competitive strategy option: High Differentiation 2 4 Hybrid Focused differentiation 5 3 Perceived Product/ Service 2 Low price 6 No frills 7 1 Strategies destined for ultimate failure 8 Low High Low Price Whittington (2008, pp. 225) The strategy clock above represents different positions in a market, where customers or potential customers have different requirement in terms of value for money. Coca-Cola has therefore taken the strategy option of hybrid, in which case it maintains its price but tries to differentiate itself from competitors. The Company has had a mix of pricing, advertising, sales promotion programs, product innovation, increased efficiency in production techniques, the introduction of new packaging, new vending and dispensing equipment, and brand and trademark development and protection. In this regard Coca-Cola has increased its annual marketing budget substantially, launched many new products, and developed a model to help its retail customers maximize their sales while it continue to plan for the future. The risk of this choice is that one could lose market share due to its low prices but then it can be tackled through economies of scale where the company produces in large quantities to cover cost and tries to penetrate different geographies as is the case of Coca-Cola. This choice has actually proved beneficial to Coca-Cola even though its market share has not grown tremendously as one would think over the last ten years but it definitely has a much higher market share than its competitors, especially Pepsi Co. This has been possible for Coca-Cola due to its recognized brand name and strong presence in so many geographies including Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and the Pacific spanning across 200 countries. Strategy Direction: This has to do with the scope of a company in terms of its products. Over the last few years Coca-Cola has introduced a lot of products to its portfolio, including the recent Coca-Cola zero, which sold more than 600 million cases globally. Today Coca-Cola does not only deal in non-alcoholic soft drinks, but it also makes a lot of juices and juice drinks, still and carbonated products. As a matter of fact Coca-Cola has more than 3,300 products in more than 200 countries. In general one can rightly say that Coca-Cola has gone into diversification since it has not only shifted from soft drink to juices and even energy drinks but has also ventured and penetrated larger market over the years. Diversification is simply a strategy that takes the organization away from both its existing market and its existing products. We have therefore used the Ansoff matrix below to identify the strategy direction which Coca-Cola is taking Box D, which is diversification. The Ansoff matrix provides a simp lified way of generating four basic alternative directions for strategic development. Strategic directions (ansoff matrix) Products Existing New A B Market penetration Product development Consolidation C D Market development Diversification Existing Markets New Whittington, (2008, p.258) Diversification happened to be a good strategic option for Coca-Cola as it helped the Company to break new grounds in business. For instance a new product like the Coca-Cola zero did so well in terms of sales. This therefore impacted positively on the companys market share. Again shifting from soft drinks to energy and sports drinks also gave Coca-Cola an opportunity of a larger market share. However diversification can be capital intensive as not all organizations will be able to cope with the finances involved since a lot of finances will be needed to go into research and development for the new product. For instance Pepsi-cola once came up with a new product called Meca cola but it wasnt successful and the product was withdrawn later on. Surely there will be a lot of laboratory works and feasibility studies to go with a new product and this will equally require skilled people getting involved and consequently hiring more employees so if the organization does not have enough finances it may not be able to cope. Again the organization which decides to diversify will put in place an adequate amount of public awareness in terms of advertisements and trainings. This may involve using news papers, television, internet etc. All these can be very enormous for an organization so suffice it to say that diversification requires careful planning. Methods for pursuing strategies: Most of Coca-Cola products are manufactured and sold by its bottling partners. The Company typically sells concentrates and syrups to its bottling partners, who convert them into finished packaged products which they sell to distributors and other customers. Separate contracts (Bottlers Agreements) exist between the Company and each of its bottling partners regarding the manufacture and sale of Company products. Subject to specified terms and conditions and certain variations, the Bottlers Agreements generally authorize the bottlers to prepare specified Company Trademark Beverages, to package the same in authorized containers, and to distribute and sell the same in (but, subject to applicable local law, generally only in) an identified territory. The bottler is obligated to purchase its entire requirement of concentrates or syrups for the designated Company Trademark Beverages from the Company or Company-authorized suppliers. Coca-Cola agrees to refrain from selling or distributing, or from authorizing third parties to sell or distribute, the designated Company Trademark Beverages throughout the identified territory in the particular authorized containers. The Coca-Cola Company has created and achieved a strategic lock-in such that it has achieved dominance in the industry. For instance many people will think of Coke once they think of using or taking a soft drink. Strategic Implementation: International strategic management is divided by Strategies monitoring, goal setting, strategies formulation, strategic implementation. Mostly, companies is going to face challenges when they implement their strategies. There are following challenges such as; Resistance to change and inertia Insufficient attention to context Wrong choice of style for managing the change Education, participation, intervention, direction, coercion Insufficient understanding of power and political processes Lack of clarity Lack of stakeholder support Insufficient resources or capabilities Say in example coca cola Company decided to launch a new product in the market. So they consider with how do they decide what new product to sell? And who to sell them to? After that company has to do market research through the hypothesis test. They can do research two methods. Such as primary data and secondary data methods. According to coca cola company products they can do the following research such as; Desk research which is identify their gap in the market in particular product Detailed research which is using small groups like qualitative research such as survey. Quantitative research which is a large scale surveys to collect information. This method can identify which type of product and what design of product Trial test market which is a sample that mean company launch their product in the market after finishing and if consumers like the product they can increase their production and tracking success of product and in the other hand if consumers dont like the product they can stop their new product activities. People: People are a most valuable asset and greatest liability in any organization. If people dont perform well with productivity standards, provide good service business that will affect the organization business is doomed. Mostly organization select the people who can do get more jobs done, developed implement support program to the people and sell their goods and services. Employees are the best source of competitive advantage because cant copy by the customers. In case coca cola companys employees are sacrificing their competences within organization. They treated employees as good as well. They have to maintain their organizational structure to motivate their employees. As a reason that can do their work well done company needs to implementing compensation, performance management, training, reward and retention programs. Finally they may able to stave off competitors. They wanted caliber people for this century. They would use facts and the knowledge in order to add value to the organization. In any stage everyone should have the same information in order quickly put it to effective and profitable use. They believed having right people in right place can create competitive advantage. People participate all levels of product delivery from production workers to salespeople and corporate managers in Coca-Cola Company. Rebuilding the coke bubble is important issues of people within the coca cola company. Coca cola company is unable to control their people internally because poor handling of public relations. In globalization Coca-Cola Company will increase social pressure say as community friendly. Coca cola Companys future profitability depends on societal marketing with on ethics and corporate social responsibility. Cola Company has challenge with profitability and responsibility into stakeholders such as consumers, customers, employees, communities, governments and environment. Culture is effect on Cola Company with their managers and workers. If they dont have warm and genial culture they will face among staff and managers likely say staffs will not be motivated to work say in example staff may have to lose their rest days. This cause will effect with staff will be tired from their day to day working and also not have time to enjoy with their family. I think Coca Cola Company has warm culture because success of their company mainly depends on their employees. They sacrificed their skills and ability on their particular task. Company has friendly environment and they motivated themselves. Resources: Appropriate resources are time, money, talent and tools. Water is a main source of coca cola companys products. It is a limited resource. Which is availability, quality and sustainability nature resource? In addition principal raw materials are nutritive and non- nutritive sweeteners. Nutritive sweeteners are High Fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and Sucrose. Which is form of sugar? Which are available from numerous domestic sources? Those are fluctuation of market price. Coca Cola Company has no experience in difficulty in nutritive sweetener. Coca cola bottlers sales and services (CCBSS) is limited liability Company owned by coca cola bottlers. Non-nutritive sweeteners are aspartame, acesulfame, potassium, saccharin, cyclamate, sucrose. These raw materials are ready to available from numerous sources. Aspartame is a important non-nutritive sweetener. This is used alone or mixed with other sweeteners. According to coca cola company has above production factors such as people, system, raw materials, capital and brands etc. focus on the last ten years coca cola company has changed within the production factors to improve their business efficiency and competitive with other companies. Mostly start of their production people is most part of their business. Increase the cost of production is going to affect to decrease the marginal revenue and increase the marginal cost. Coca cola has Increasing completion which that they can develop their business in globally. In the economics most part is production factors which are limited resources and scarcity. With the limited resource Coca Cola Company has many choices. They consider with opportunity cost. I suggest that Coca Cola Company is using more with their production through water. Water is unlimited resources. So they cant use without control. Because geographical condition is going to affect in the environment, that is also affected to people. Finance: Coca Cola Company is doing their business with not only their money but also they have debt. Due to coca cola is a global presence and strong capital position now. They can increase their funds through low effective cost. In order to they could achieve mix of short term and long term debt and mix of fixed rate and variable rate debt. As a result is lower overall cost of borrowing. Basically funds are vital in order invest in new asset including people, machinery. The structure change would require more funds in order to move closer to the customer. It considered how the company has been raised the fund both internally (retain profits) and externally (capital markets sources: long term loans, share issues) over ten years. Lower interest rate is increase to consumer demand in economy. In this situation Coca Cola Company will increase their debt as result of low borrowing rates. It can use of debt on innovation of new products. In the point of view Coca Cola Company has spent less cost and also sell low price to the people. Due to this low price people get feel cheaper products in coca cola. Most of the non alcoholic beverage industry particularly coca cola company has high sales due to they have got major role in success and growing market in non-alcoholic beverage industry The non-alcoholic beverage industry has high sales in countries outside the U.S. According to the Standard and Poors Industry surveys, For major soft drink companies, 32 there has been economic improvement in many major international markets, such as Japan, Brazil, and Germany. These markets will continue to play a major role in the success and stable growth for a majority of the non-alcoholic beverage industry. This analysis basically examines the local, national and world economy impact which includes issues of recession and inflation rates. Since the September 11 attack the world has been facing a rapid change with increase instability further more give to the period of recession there has been a cut in the interest rate by ten times due to which the companys can increase the use of debt as result of low borrowing rates. Cola company contracts with larger number of bottling partners in the world to increase their distribution of beverages. The Company has threatened of stability due to the dependent relationship that impact with bottling partners. GROWTH ACROSS ALL CATEGORIES: 2008-2020 Percentage of NARTD Industry Incremental Growth: Vol. Value Sparkling 17% 24% Juice Juice Drink 13% 19% RTD Tea / Coffee 18% 13% ENERGY 4% 12% Packaged Water 25% 10% Sports 5% 9% (The Coca-Cola, Annual Report, 2009) Winning with Coca-Cola TM + Core and New in Developed and Emerging Markets: COCA-COLA TM CORE AND NEW MEXICO 3% 12% TURKEY 5% 24% RUSSIA 7% 13% BRAZIL 8% 18% S AFRICA 4% 6% CHINA 11% 20% Volume CAGR 2005 2008 Coca-Cola TM Growth Potential Is Just Beginning To Be Unlocked: (2008 PER CAPITA) Delivering Through Unique Global System Capabilities: Consumer Consumer Marketing Shopper Coca-Cola Growth Franchise Leadership System Customer Commercial Leadership CONSUMER MARKETING: 1.6 Bn serving per day 1 MM per minute 206 Countries CUSTOMER LEADERSHIP: 20 MM customer per week 7 MM Coolers FRANCHISE LEADERSHIP: $64 Bn supply chain 900 + mfg operations 8500 sales centers and warehouses 500,000 vehicles KEY SUCCESS FACTORS: The Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest, most successful and most widely recognized corporations in existence. Coca-Cola is a dominating force in the beverage industry and sets a very high standard of competition. Research shows that its trademark is recognized by over 94% of the worlds population. There are many factors contributing to Coca-Colas success. It is believed that their key success factors are Marketing, Innovation, and Globalization. MARKETING: Coca- Cola is seen as one of the winning business model. They were among the pioneers of advertising techniques and styles used to capture the markets. Through its intense marketing campaigns, Coke has developed an image that is reflected in what we think of when we buy Coke and what we associate with drinking Coke. This image has been subconsciously installed in our brain by the advertising campaigns that show Coca-Cola associated with good times. Marketing Strategy of Coca-Cola: Speed up carbonated soft-drink growth, led by Coca-Cola. Selectively expand the family of beverage brands to oblige gainful growth. Develop system productivity and capability together with bottling partners. Provide customers with inspiration and consistency to generate growth across all channels. Direct investments to highest potential areas across markets. Drive efficiency and cost-effectiveness everywhere. Incorporated promotional activities. (Www. Scribd.com) INNOVATION: Coca-Cola has been able to continue to exist and develop in an ever-changing market because of its ability to steadily innovate and deliver new products. Coca-Cola began to a strategy referred to as play to win innovation. The company started operating in a decentralized environment that was unfeasible in few years ago. Now Coca-Cola offers nearly 500 different products in and is still dominating the beverage industry. This is made possible by the companys ability to innovate and adapt to changing markets. Innovation brings markets faster. To satisfy the needs of older consumers, the Company made sophisticated Soda for social occasion. The Coca-Cola Company develops innovative premium brands, such as; Burn Soft Drinks- now in 85 countries. New Burn Intense Soft Drinks- Now in 7 countries. Illy Coffee- Now in 18 countries. The Company is also acquiring and expanding premium brands, such as; Making Glaceau vitamin water will be next global brand. Investing in premium platforms, such as; Innocent, Juice Smoothies, Lunch pack Smoothies, 100% NFC Orange Juice. Now they are in 11 countries in Europe. GLOBALIZATION: Todays big business takes place on a global scale, and Coca-Cola is no exception. Technology is continually changing business, and these constant changes have been making it more feasible and profitable for business to expand their operations globally in order to serve all different types of diverse markets around the world. Coca-Cola is taking advantages of the large revenue opportunities made possible by participating in global market and now offers products in 200+ countries around the world. $ 20 TRILLION GDP GROWTH BY 2020: Global Real GDP ($T) $70 $50 2020 2008 INCRIMENTAL GLOBAL GDP GROWTH RATE: COUNTRY / REGION PERCENTAGE Rest of the World 21% China, India, Latin America 39% USA 21% Japan 3% Europe 16% THE COCA-COLAS CONFIDENCE IN THE BEVERAGE INDUSTRY LONG TERM OPPORTUNITIES: 5% CAGR 145 Bn Cases 4% CAGR $1,100 Bn 55 Bn Cases Incremental Growth $500 Bn Incremental Growth 90 Bn Cases $600 Bn 2008 2020 2008 2020 Industry Value Industry Volume TRACK RECORD OF PROFITABLE GROWTH: GROWTH SINCE 1977 22X 16X 13XXX 6X 9X 4XX Operating Income Net Revenue Operating Income Operating Income Net Revenue Net Revenue Total World Rest of World UNITED STATES HEALTHY SYSTEM INVESTING TO GROW: Higher Margin Reinvesting -Long term Improving Profitability Capital Expenditures Return on Invested Capital EBIT / Revenue 14.9% 14.6% 11.2% 13.8% $4 Bn $6 Bn 2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 20088 Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Among The Coca-Cola Company, The Peer Group Index and The SP 500 Index: Total Return Stock Price Plus Reinvested Dividends: KO Peer Group SP 31/12/04 $100 $100 $100 31/12/05 $99 $111 $105 31/12/06 $122 $132 $121 31/12/07 $160 $158 $128 31/12/08 $121 $120 $81 31/12/09 $158 $146 $102 The total return assumes that dividends were reinvested quarterly and is based on a $100 investment on December 31, 2004. PERFORMANCE AT-A-GLANCE: 2007 2008 2009 Unit Case Volume (in billions) 22.7 23.7 24.4 2007 2008 2009 Net Operating Revenues (in millions) $28,857 $31,944 $30,990 2007 2008 2009 Operating Income (in millions) $7,252 $8,446 $8,231 2007 2008 2009 Operating Cash Flow (in millions) $7,150 $7,571 $8,186 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total Assets (in millions) $29,963 $43,269 $40,519 $48,671 Long -Term Debt (in millions) $1,314 $3,277 $2,781 $5,059 The Comparison with PepsiCo: PepsiCo is the main competitors and threats to the Coca-Cola. (Year Ended December 31, 2009) (In Millions except per share data, and no.) DESCRIPTIONS The Coca-Cola The PepsiCo Total Assets

Comparitive Life Cycle Costing for of a Gasoline and a Hybrid Car

COMPARITIVE LIFE CYCLE COSTING FOR OF A GASOLINE AND A HYBRID CAR Digvesh khot , Narendran Neelagandan ABSTRACT The depletion of the fossil fuels is emerging as a concern for the whole world. The major sources for the consumption of this fossil fuel are our vehicles that use much of the oil for their operation. The need has been felt to devise the alternative fuel for our vehicles which should be the sustainable option so that it does not contribute to the environmental impacts rigorously. The objective of the comparative analysis is to know the feasibility of the hybrid car against the petrol car. The procedure adopted for the comparative analysis is to do life cycle costing of both the engines by considering the cost, benefits, maintenance and repairs for both the engines. The weight scoring model was also developed to analyze the feasibility of both the engines on the grounds of terms like safety, comfort, emissions and incentives. After completing the comparative analysis the life cycle costing model and the weight scoring model yield the results which were analyzed and the necessary recommendations were made. The results of the comparative analysis revealed that though the Hybrid cars initially cost more, but if they are run for more than 20,000 miles than the total cost per mile is less than the petrol cars. Also weighing model for both the cars gives more weightage to hybrid cars in terms of emissions and incentives. KEYWORDS: Life Cycle costing, alternative fuels, hybrid vehicles, petrol engines. LITERATURE REVIEW Today the major problem the whole world is facing is the depletion of fossil fuels. Most of the vehicles run on these fossil fuels. It is estimated that if the consumption of these fossil fuels continues at the same rate then by the end of 2030 the fossil fuels will get reduced by 50% of the current value and the prices will increase by $10/ gallon (Kibert, 2008). To overcome this problem a lot of automobile companies are working on the new design of engine which will work on some other source of energy other than fossil fuels. So hybrid model cars were developed keeping in mind of these problems. The first hybrid car model was developed by Dr Ferdinand Porsche in 1902 using a petrol engine, rotating at a constant speed to drive a ynamo, which charged the accumulators (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). These accumulators fed current to electric motors contained within the hubs of the front wheels. Before this several advancements were made in non-gasoline motors, mainly electric cars (www. wikipedia. com). Such non-gasoline car was invented somewhere around years from 1832 and 1839, by Robert Anderson of Scotland a nd his electric carriage (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). After that several car manufactures have been working on different technology for a long time and recently hybrid cars were developed (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Hybrid cars are vehicles driven by hybrid engines, which are any engine that combines two or more sources of power, generally gasoline and electricity (Lipman, et. al, 2003). There are two types of gasoline-electric hybrid cars; the parallel hybrid, and the series hybrid. Both of these use gasoline-electric hybrid technology (Lipman, et. al, 2003). In parallel hybrid cars, the gasoline and electric motors work together to move the car forward. In series, the gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor which in turn powers the vehicle or charges the battery that will in turn power the motor(Lipman, et. l, 2003). Both these type of hybrid cars use another technology called Regenerative braking which stores the kinetic energy that is created while braking. This energy is stored in a battery which runs the electric motor. (Lipman, et. al, 2003) PROJECT SUMMARY This project was based on the life cycle costing and the comparative analysis of the hybrid engines and the petrol e ngines. The goal of the project was to calculate the total cost of both the engines during their life cycle and to analyze their performance and the impacts of environments. The first objective was to develop the life cycle cost model for studying their performance with respect to the annual mileage and the total cost per year spent on both type of cars. The second objective was to develop the weight scoring model for both types of cars to analyze them on the grounds of safety, comfort, emissions, and incentives. Life cycle model for both the cars were developed using the cost components like depreciation, fees and taxes, finance, fuel, insurance, maintenance , and repairs. All the data for these cost components for both types of engines were collected from the company websites and the EPA website. After the collection of these data, the life cycle cost model has been used for calculating the total life cycle cost for hybrid as well as petrol engines. The results were analyzed for both the alternatives and the conclusions were made. Weight scoring model was also developed for the comparative analysis which included the components like safety, comfort, emissions, and the incentives. The relative weights for these components were assigned according to the priorities from the consumer point of view. The rating points were also assigned and both the cars were rated according to the aforesaid components. The sources for the data were the company websites and the EPA websites for the emission data was also cited. The results of the Weight scoring model were then analyzed and the final conclusions were made. The comparative study for both the cars revealed that the hybrid cars are more efficient in terms of long term usage than the petrol cars. CASE STUDY DESCRIPTION Many car manufactures are working on this hybrid technology to improve the fuel consumption and decrease the emission levels and Honda is one of the leading car manufacturers who have released different hybrid models into the market (www. onda. com; 11, 2008). One of the models of Honda is â€Å"The Civic Hybrid 2008† which is the latest model which uses hybrid technology for propulsion, which is taken into study (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). The Civic Hybrid 2008 uses gasoline and electric power train for the propulsion. The engine is a 1399cc, 4 cylinder aluminum-alloy engine which supplies a power of [email  pro tected] (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). The electric motor supplies a maximum of 158 volts (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). The functioning of the system at various stages is different and is explained below. STARTING: The car uses an IMA (Integrated motor assist) system motor to start. If the IMA battery-pack charge is too low or if it’s very cold outside, the system has a separate battery and starter motor to back it up. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) ACCELERATION: When extra acceleration is needed, while passing or climbing up an inclined region, the IMA System’s electric motor adds its torque automatically to the engine’s to give extra power. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) CITY CRUISING: At steady speeds below 35 mph on level roads and under light throttle, fuel injection is ceased and the car is propelled olely by the electric motor. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) HIGHWAY: At higher cruising speeds, the gasoline engine provides the motive power. The motor has been developed in such a way that it reduces the fuel consumption to particular levels. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) BRAKING: The cars IMA System tap’s the kinetic energy that is produced in the vehicle, when b rakes are applied. During that period, the system’s motor turns itself into a generator, and helps in slowing down the car while at the same time it builds up the energy stored in the batteries. www. honda. com; 11, 2008) AT A STOP: When stopped, the gasoline engine automatically shuts off. When we lift our foot off the brake, and the engine restarts automatically. (www. honda. com; 11, 2008) These setups have been made to increase the vehicle performance and make them fuel efficient. The benefits of the refined gasoline electric power train are fuel economy and environment friendly emissions. This vehicle is certified by Environment protection agency (EPA) and passes all the regulation of EPA 2008 for environment. This car is also equipped with the rating of Advanced Technology of Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (AT-PZEV) which is the most stringent emission standards of United States which in turn is certified by California Air Resource Board (CARB). The technology being new is expensive and the initial cost for hybrid car is high as compared to the petrol engine cars. But if compared the life cycle cost is considerably less as compared to petrol engine due to the benefits of low emissions and fuel economy of the hybrid cars. (www. honda. om; 11, 2008) The petrol version of 2008 Honda civic sedan which is currently out in the market, is a normal car that runs on a gasoline engine. The engine is a 1799cc aluminum-alloy which produces [email  protected] (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). Gasoline or petrol engines are basic internal combustion engines which run on volatile fuels. They use air and fuel mixed together and a spark plug which produces the fire for combustion. The energy that is created i s used to run the drive shaft which in-turn runs the wheel (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Petrol engines were developed by the engineers Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz (both from Germany) in 1885 who both together started the Daimler-Benz car plant (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Gasoline engines are the widely used internal combustion engines which have been under constant improvisation to improve their efficiency and to reduce the emission levels from them (www. wikipedia. com; 10, 2008). Different industries have been working towards that and Honda is one of the industries who have taken serious steps to reduce the emission levels from normal gasoline engines. www. honda. com; 11, 2008) These are the two products for which the life-cycle cost model analysis is going to be created. LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL DESCRIPTION The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) model for comparative analysis of hybrid and the petrol cars was based on following cost components: †¢Depreciation †¢Insurance †¢Financing †¢Taxes and fees †¢Fuel †¢Maintenance †¢Repairs The sourc e for developing the model was (Shtub, et. al; 2005). LCCcars = LCCdepreciation + LCCinsurance+ LCCfinancing+ LCCtaxes and fees+ LCCfuel + LCCmaintenance+ LCCrepairs. The LCC model for car is the summation of the all the cost components which will yield the total life cycle cost (Shtub, et. al; 2005). The assumptions that have been made are in terms of time frame and the cost components are as follows: 1. Time frame: The time frame for calculation has been taken as 5 years. All the data for the cost components are based on 5 years. 2. Depreciation: it is the value of the vehicle which declines as the vehicle gets older. The age of the vehicle is related to the number of miles it has travelled. For both the cars it the average of 15, 000 miles per year is being considered. 3. Insurance: It is the average annual insurance that has been taken into account. The premium charged per year for the insurance of the car has been taken from the website of Honda company for the Louisiana state. 4. Financing: This is the interest expense on a loan in the amount of true market value purchase price + destination charge + base sales tax & initial fees (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). The values for these expenses are considered for Louisiana region assuming the 10% down payment and a loan term of 60 months. 5. Taxes and fees: we have included base sales taxes, license and registration fees in Louisiana region (www. dmunds. com, 11/2008). 6. Fuel: Assuming 45% driving on freeways and 55% driving in city we have collected the data for the fuel from www. epa. gov. 7. Maintenance: We have considered both the scheduled and the unscheduled maintenance in this cost components. 8. Repairs: the estimated expenses for repairs that do not come under the manufacturer’s warranty for five years, is taken as repairs. (www. edmund. com;11, 2008) The life cycle costing has been done for three conditions and they are: †¢Condition 1: cost component data for USA †¢Condition 2: cost component data for Louisiana. Condition 3: distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. CHECK LIST MODEL DESCRIPTION The weighing model that has been created has taken into consideration of few factors which are not taken into account by many car owners. Factors like safety, comfort, and emissions do not play a significant factor for many people who plan to buy a car. This motivated us to create the scoring model for these factors. For the Honda civic Dx (2008 model) and Honda civic hybrid (2008, model) safety, comfort, and emissions are taken into account and the relative weights are given. The safety features are good for the in the midsize segment with disc for the front, 4 wheel ABC and the airbags for the head, and side (www. honda. com; 11, 2008). But these can be improved to the next level by adding the disc brakes to all the wheels and by increasing the number of airbags. The comfort level is taken into consideration as some people spend more time in the car driving around, so the comfort level plays an important part. The next criteria are the emission levels of the car which is taken into consideration for analyzing the environmental impact of them. The last criteria is the incentives that are being offered for the buying a hybrid cars. The source for developing the weighing model was (Shtub, et. al; 2005). On the basis of the above criteria the weighing model has been developed and the results were analyzed to make conclusions. RESULTS Life cycle costing Model 1: Honda Civic Dx 4 door Sedan Condition 1: cost component data for USA Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 15, 810. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 10,112 Fees and taxes 730 Finance 2331 Fuel9945 Insurance8348 Maintenance1720 Repairs643 Total life cycle cost37645 Note: The miles driven are kept constant and the values are tabulated for USA Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov – fuel data. Condition 2: cost component data for Louisiana. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 15, 810. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 9002 Fees and taxes 1407 Finance 2963 Fuel8478 Insurance10119 Maintenance2934 Repairs625 Total life cycle cost35528 Note: the above values are taken for Louisiana region Source: www. utochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov- Fuel data. Condition 3: distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 15, 810. The car has driven for 10,000 miles (55% city and 45% freeways) Owner shi p: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 8851 Fees and taxes 1194 Finance 2405 Fuel6568 Insurance6759 Maintenance1176 Repairs564 Opportunity cost2999 Total life cycle cost30, 518 Note: the cost per mile for 10,000 miles is $. 1, for 15,000 miles is $. 48, and for 20,000 miles $0. 46. Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov- Fuel data. Model 2: Honda Civic hybrid 4 door Sedan Condition 1: cost component data for USA Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 22, 600. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 11993 Fees and taxes 1974 Finance 4117 Fuel6155 Insurance10622 Maintenance2932 Repairs625 Total life cycle cost38478 Note: The miles driven are kept constant and the values are tabulated for USA Source: www. utochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov – Fuel dat a. Condition 2: cost component data for Louisiana. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 22,600. Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 13128 Fees and taxes 511 Finance 3331 Fuel6846 Insurance9252 Maintenance1920 Opportunity cost3857 Repairs679 Total life cycle cost39525 Note: the above values are taken for Louisiana region Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. ww. epa. gov – fuel data. Condition 3: Distance travelled is 10, 000 miles with a 55% driving in city and 45% driving on freeways. Maximum or manufacturer’s suggestion retail price: $ 22, 600. The car has driven for 10,000 miles (55% city and 45% freeways) Owner ship: 1-5 years. Cost componentsCost ($) Depreciation 12189 Fees and taxes 1157 Finance 3615 Fuel4536 Insurance7491 Maintenance1402 Repairs596 Opportunity cost3212 Total life cycle cost34198 Note: the cost per mile for 10,000 miles is $. 68, for 15,000 miles is $. 51, and for 20,000 miles $0. 47. Source: www. autochannel. om, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for cost component data except for the fuel data. www. epa. gov – Fuel data. Sensitivity analysis The data used for sensitivity analysis was miles per year travelled and the increment taken for it was 5000. For Model 1: Honda Civic Dx 4 door Sedan No of milesCost per mile($)Data source 100000. 61www. epa. gov 150000. 48www. epa. gov 200000. 46www. epa. gov 250000. 47www. epa. gov For Model 2: Honda Civic hybrid 4 door Sedan No of milesCost per mile($)Data source 100000. 68www. epa. gov 150000. 51www. epa. gov 200000. 47www. epa. gov 50000. 45www. epa. gov The initial cost for the petrol engine may be less than the hybrid cars but after 20000 miles of running hybrid cars are more fuel efficient than the petrol engines. After performing the sensitivity analysis we observed that initially the cost per mile for petrol is less than the hybrid cars , but as you increase the number of miles after 20,000 miles hybrid cars become more fuel efficient. The breakeven point on the sensitivity graph shows the changing nature of fuel efficiency for hybrid cars and petrol cars. Weight scoring method (Shtub, et. al; 2005). Weighing model for Honda civic DX 2008: For all criteria and the relative weight the values are assumed according to the priority of consumer. CriteriaRelative weightExcellent 30(assumed)Good 20(assumed)Fair 10(assumed)Poor 0(assumed)Factor score safety. 3v6 Comfort. 2v2 emissions. 4v2 incentives. 1v0 total1. 0010 Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for criteria data except the fuel data and www. epa. gov for fuel data. Weighing model for Honda civic hybrid 2008: For all criteria and the relative weight the values are assumed according to the priority of consumer. CriteriaRelative weightExcellent 30(assumed)Good 20(assumed)Fair 10(assumed)Poor 0(assumed)Factor score safety. 3v6 Comfort. 2v4 emissions. 412 incentives. 1v3 total1. 00v25 Source: www. autochannel. com, www. honda. com, and www. edmunds. com for criteria data except the fuel data and www. epa. gov for fuel data. The weighing score model shows that for hybrid cars the factor score is more than the petrol car and the reason is the hybrid cars are more emission free than the petrol car, also the criteria of the incentive for hybrid car makes it more preferable for the customers. The hybrid cars have a 25-100% federal tax credit which could move people towards buying the hybrid cars which are environmentally friendly as compared to petrol (www. honda. com; 11/2008) . Conclusions After carrying out the life cycle costing, sensitivity analysis, and the weight scoring the following conclusions can be reached: †¢Though the petrol cars are cheaper than the hybrid cars but the life cycle cost of hybrid cars after 20,000 miles makes it the better option. †¢Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, petrol cars do not serve to be the best option. Hybrid cars produced less emission than the petrol engines so they are environmentally friendly cars which makes them a sustainable product. †¢The incentives offered by the federal state government for buying the hybrid car may serve as a good step towards motivating people to go for hybrid option Bibliography autochannel. (2008). comparison of hybrid cars and petrol engine cars for miles travelled. Retrieved 11 24 , 2008, from www. autochannel. com. Avraham Shtub, j. F. (2005). Project management process, methodology and economics. pper saddle river, new jersey: pearson, prantice hall. edmund. (2008). cost comparison data for hybrid and petrol cars. Retrieved 11 24, 2008, from www. edmund. com. environmental protection agency. (2008). emissions for hybrid and petrol engines. Retrieved 11 29, 2008, from www. epa. gov. Environmental protection agency. (2008). fuel cost for hybrid and petrol engines. Retrieved 11 29, 2008, from www. epa. gov. H. Paul Barringer, P. D. (1996). Life Cycle Cost Tutorial. Houston, Texas: Marriott Houston Westside. Heather L. MacLean, e. (2000). A Life-Cycle Comparison of Alternative Automobile Fuels. journal of the air and waste management association , 1769-1779. honda USA. (2008). hybrid cars and petrol cars. Retrieved 11 24, 2008, from www. honda. com. Jeremy Hackney, R. d. (1999). Life cycle model of alternative fuel vehicles: emissions, energy,and cost trade-offs. science direct journal , 243-267. lester lave, h. m. (2000). life cycle analysis of automobile fuel/propulsion technologies. environmental science and technology , 1600-1698. Steven Kmenta, K. I. (2000). SCENARIO-BASED FMEA: A LIFE CYCLE COST PERSPECTIVE. Baltimore, Maryland: ASME. the fuel cell vehicle analysis of enegy use, emission and cost . (1998). pergamon , 381-385. Timothy E. Lipman, M. A. (2003). Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Design Retail and Lifecycle Cost Analysis. Berkeley, California 94720: Energy and Resources Group. wikipedia. (2008). hybrid engines and petrol ngines. Retrieved 10 29, 2008, from www. wikipedia. com. Kibert, C. J. (2008). Sustainable Construction . New Jersey: John Willey and Sons.

The Fundamentals of Expository Essay Outline Revealed

The Fundamentals of Expository Essay Outline Revealed Who Else Wants to Learn About Expository Essay Outline? The main aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. The reasons could be absolutely different. 1 option is actually the lack of the typical topic. Make a plan on what all points you're going to contain in your writing. The essential point is the fact that it should immediately bring in the interest of the readers. When writing the body paragraphs in your own personal experience essay, you need to make certain that the info is being written in a manner that's constructive to the total topic or prompt of your essay. For instance, you can pick a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. With an idea about what an expository essay, it's also crucial to be aware that is more than 1 way strategy to writing the paper. Nevertheless, you always have to adhere to the structure or outline of the essay regardless of the pattern you are using in your writing for the reason that it includes the important elements of the structure including The introduction In the introductory portion of your essay, you must begin with hook and provide a context and background information of the topics. The very first area of the paper should hook your readers from the very first sentence. What's more, we guarantee your future paper is going to be done in compliance with the greatest academic standards, so be confident that applying for our help, you make the ideal alternative. Lies You've Been Told About Expository Essay Outline Below you'll find useful guidelines about how to finish an expository outline. To create a thriving outline, get inspired from examples it is easy to find online . Templates may be used for making CV, resume as a way to apply for jobs. There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Should you need assistance with essay writing, feel free to get in touch with our friendly support group or place an order and we'll gladly help you. If you would like to demonstrate the relationship between the ideas, you can write them down in a kind of a mind map, a table or a diagram. Totally free amendments As the ideal essay writing service, we would like you to feel absolutely happy about your purchase. The New Angle On Expository Essay Outline Just Released The reader will just be frightened after the very first paragraph and close your essay, disappointed in her or his own intellect. If you're interested in how to compose an expository essay step-by-step, then our guide will inform you the best way to do it right. The very first portion of your essay ought to be an introdu ction. Nowadays you know about the expository essay, how to select a topic for it, how to write this, and what mistakes to prevent. Floods are extremely dangerous even if you believe they aren't! If you require expository essay assist and don't know the best places to come across expository essay assistance and the way to compose an excellent expository essay, we'll be able to assist you. There are different kinds of exercises which give various outcomes. After selecting specific topics, evaluate every one of them to observe how meaningfully you're able to reveal it. Diet isn't the only thing which should be factored into a wholesome lifestyle. While writing an essay, it's important to structure it correctly. When you define an expository essay, you should figure out the way to disclose it. Although the expository essay ought to be clear and brief, it may also be vivid and appealing. If you don't compose an expository essay free and superior school essay.

America s Founding Fathers And Authors Of The American...

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